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Joint association of physical activity/screen time and diet on CVD risk factors in 10-year-old children

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第4期页码 428-435 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0232-4

摘要：

The increasing prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity has been associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). While several studies examined the effect of single behaviors such as physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior or diet on CVD risk, there is a lack of research on combined associations, specifically in children. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the joint association of PA or screen time (ST) and diet on CVD risk factors in children. PA, ST and diet were assessed via questionnaire in 210 fifth grade students (age: 10.6±0.4 years). The healthy eating index (HEI) was subsequently calculated as indicator for diet quality. Height, weight, % body fat, and resting blood pressure were measured according to standard procedures and blood samples obtained via fingerprick were assayed for blood lipids. Total cholesterol HDL ratio (TC:HDL), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and % body fat were used as indicators of CVD risk. 55% of children did not meet current PA recommendations on at least 5 days/week and 70% exceeded current recommendations for ST. Further, only 2.5% possessed a “good” diet (HEI>80). There was no significant association of PA or ST and diet on CVD risk score. Neither TC:HDL, MAP, and % body fat nor the total CVD risk score was significantly correlated with diet, PA, or ST. Children in the high PA group, however, had significantly better diet scores. Despite the fact that self-reported PA, ST, or dietary intake were not directly related to CVD risk in this sample, higher activity levels were associated with a healthier diet and lower ST indicating an overall healthier lifestyle of this subgroup.

关键词： exercise sedentary behavior metabolic syndrome health behavior adolescents TV time healthy eating index

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Analyzing the distinguishing factors that affect childhood obesity in South Korea

So Jung Yang, Hun-Sung Kim, Kun-Ho Yoon

《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第6期页码 707-716 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0660-x

摘要：

Understanding obesity in children is crucial because it can lead to adulthood obesity and result in fatal chronic diseases. Distinctive factors associated with obesity in adults have been described, but distinctive factors related to children remain unclear. We analyzed the correlation between the percentage of body mass index and lifestyle habits by conducting surveys on physical, nutritional, and psychological factors, and we used annual physical examination data to compare different traits among elementary school students (n = 197) and middle school students (n = 461). Our study revealed that the computing hours in elementary school students with overweight and obesity were significantly correlated with the percentage of body mass index (r = 0.29 on school days and r = 0.35 on days off, all P<0.05). No statistically significant difference was found (all P>0.05) in the computing hours of middle school students with overweight and obesity. Childhood obesity can cause depression and reduce children’s quality of life because of their distorted body perception. In conclusion, physical factors directly affecting childhood obesity and psychological and environmental factors surrounding a child should be considered.

关键词： screen time quality of life eating habits childhood obesity percentage of body mass index

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Highlights of the special issue on “Healthy Soil for Healthy Food”

Junling ZHANG, Fusuo ZHANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第3期页码 233-235 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020345

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Various brain-eating amoebae: the protozoa, the pathogenesis, and the disease

《医学前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第6期页码 842-866 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0865-2

摘要： Among various genera of free-living amoebae prevalent in nature, some members are identified as causative agents of human encephalitis, in which Naegleria fowleri followed by Acanthamoeba spp. and Balamuthia mandrillaris have been successively discovered. As the three dominant genera responsible for infections, Acanthamoeba and Balamuthia work as opportunistic pathogens of granulomatous amoebic encephalitis in immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals, whereas Naegleria induces primary amoebic meningoencephalitis mostly in healthy children and young adults as a more violent and deadly disease. Due to the lack of typical symptoms and laboratory findings, all these amoebic encephalitic diseases are difficult to diagnose. Considering that subsequent therapies are also affected, all these brain infections cause significant mortality worldwide, with more than 90% of the cases being fatal. Along with global warming and population explosion, expanding areas of human and amoebae activity in some regions lead to increased contact, resulting in more serious infections and drawing increased public attention. In this review, we summarize the present information of these pathogenic free-living amoebae, including their phylogeny, classification, biology, and ecology. The mechanisms of pathogenesis, immunology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, epidemiology, diagnosis, and therapies are also discussed.

关键词： free-living amoebae central nervous system infection primary amoebic meningoencephalitis granulomatous amoebic encephalitis

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Healthy people, healthy journal

Sai-Juan CHEN, Xiao-Ping CHEN, Guang-Biao ZHOU,

《医学前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第1期页码 1-2 doi: 10.1007/s11684-010-0022-9

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Foxtail millet: nutritional and eating quality, and prospects for genetic improvement

Lu HE,Bin ZHANG,Xingchun WANG,Hongying LI,Yuanhuai HAN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第2卷第2期页码 124-133 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2015054

摘要： Foxtail millet is a minor yet important crop in some areas of the world, particularly northern China. It has strong adaptability to abiotic stresses, especially drought, and poor soil. It also has high nutritional value. Foxtail millet is rich in essential amino acids, fatty acids and minerals, and is considered to be one of the most digestible and non-allergenic grains available and has significant importance for human health. Given foxtail millet’s ability to adapt to abiotic stresses associated with climate change, it is more important than ever to develop breeding strategies that facilitate the increasing demand for high quality grain that better satisfies consumers. Here we review research on foxtail millet quality evaluation, appearance, cooking and eating quality at the phenotypic level. We review analysis of the main nutrients in foxtail millet, their relationships and the biochemical and genetic factors affecting their accumulation. In addition, we review past progress in breeding this regionally important crop, outline current status of breeding of foxtail millet, and make suggestions to improve grain quality.

关键词： foxtail millet grain quality quality evaluation breeding for quality

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Digital twin for healthy indoor environment: A vision for the post-pandemic era

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2023年第10卷第2期页码 300-318 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0244-y

摘要： Indoor environment has significant impacts on human health as people spend 90% of their time indoors. The COVID-19 pandemic and the increased public health awareness have further elevated the urgency for cultivating and maintaining a healthy indoor environment. The advancement in emerging digital twin technologies including building information modeling (BIM), Internet of Things (IoT), data analytics, and smart control have led to new opportunities for building design and operation. Despite the numerous studies on developing methods for creating digital twins and enabling new functionalities and services in smart building management, very few have focused on the health of indoor environment. There is a critical need for understanding and envisaging how digital twin paradigms can be geared towards healthy indoor environment. Therefore, this study reviews the techniques for developing digital twins and discusses how the techniques can be customized to contribute to public health. Specifically, the current applications of BIM, IoT sensing, data analytics, and smart building control technologies for building digital twins are reviewed, and the knowledge gaps and limitations are discussed to guide future research for improving environmental and occupant health. Moreover, this paper elaborates a vision for future research on integrated digital twins for a healthy indoor environment with special considerations of the above four emerging techniques and issues. This review contributes to the body of knowledge by advocating for the consideration of health in digital twin modeling and smart building services and presenting the research roadmap for digital twin-enabled healthy indoor environment.

关键词： digital twin healthy indoor environment building information modeling occupant–building interaction COVID-19

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HARNESSING BIODIVERSITY FOR HEALTHY DAIRY FARMS

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第9卷第2期页码 238-244 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022445

摘要：

Producing sufficient high-quality forage to meet the increasing domestic demand for safe and nutritious milk products is one of the critical challenges that Chinese dairy farms are facing. The increased forage biomass production, mainly contributed by agrochemicals inputs in China, is accompanied by tremendous impacts on the ecology of dairy farms and soil quality. This paper presents a framework for healthy dairy farms in which targeted management practices are applied for quality milk products with minimal adverse environmental impacts. The paper also summarizes biodiversity management practices at the field and landscape scales toward lessening inputs of water, fertilizers, pesticides and mitigating soil compaction. Dairy farming with biodiversity-driven technologies and solutions will be more productive in producing quality milk and minimizing environmental damage.

关键词： biodiversity / dairy farm / one health concept / soil health

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Attitude toward preventive counseling and healthy practices among medical students at a Colombian university

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第2期页码 251-259 doi: 10.1007/s11684-015-0393-z

摘要：

Unhealthy behaviors of medical students influence their attitudes toward preventive counseling. The burden of chronic diseases is continually growing in developing countries, emphasizing the need for the increased role of general practitioners in preventive counseling. The objective of this study was to describe the effect of medical training on the risk profiles and attitudes of medical students toward preventive counseling in a Colombian university. Students in their first and fifth years of training were surveyed using the “Healthy Doctor= Healthy Patient” questionnaire to assess counseling attitudes; personal practices, such as risky drinking, smoking, inadequate nutrition, and non-compliance with physical activity recommendations; and the university environment. The association among these components was estimated, as well as the effect of the university environment. Risky drinking and smoking decreased from first to fifth year (59.3% vs. 37.1%, P = 0.021 and 31.5% vs. 25.9%, P = 0.51, respectively), whereas inadequate nutrition and non-compliance with physical activity recommendations increased. Physical activity (PA) was associated with positive counseling attitude (ORs: nutrition 7.6; alcohol 5.2; PA 10.6). Areas governed by institutional policies that are emphasized in the curriculum positively affected student practices. PA promoted preventive counseling and healthy lifestyles most effectively. Universities should therefore strengthen their preventive medicine curricula and modify social determinants.

关键词： lifestyle medical students preventive medicine counseling universities schools medical

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Expression of protease-activated receptors on platelets in healthy individuals

Rui ZHU, Lin SHEN

《医学前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第2期页码 236-239 doi: 10.1007/s11684-009-0040-7

摘要： This study aimed to investigate the expression of protease-activated receptors (PARs) on platelets in healthy individuals and preliminarily elucidate physiological functions of PARs. Thirty healthy volunteers, who did not take any anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents within 10 days before the examination, were recruited. Fasting venous blood (5 mL) was taken from the medial cubital vein in each individual and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was prepared. The expression of PAR1 mRNA and PAR4 mRNA in PRP was determined by RT-PCR analysis. The results showed that the average levels of PAR1 mRNA and PAR4 mRNA on platelets in healthy individuals were 0.1601 ± 0.0269 and 0.1073 ± 0.0194 respectively. In combination with literature analysis, it was concluded that the thrombin signaling pathway plays a vital role in the development of hemostasis and thrombosis, and the selective PARs antagonist has the potential for extensive application in clinical practice.

关键词： protease-activated receptors platelet

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水环境恢复与城市水系统健康循环研究

张杰,李冬

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第3期页码 21-26

摘要：

研究了地球上水文循环及社会水循环的规律和互动关系，指出水环境、水资源和水循环是地球上水汽运动的统一体，剖析了当代水危机的根源,提出水环境恢复和社会用水健康循环理论及实施方略，并在多座城市水系统规划应用中取得了良好效果。

关键词：城市水环境水系统健康循环

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水产健康养殖理念与发展对策

叶乃好,庄志猛,王清印

《中国工程科学》 2016年第18卷第3期页码 101-104 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.03.017

摘要：

随着水产养殖业规模的扩大和养殖集约化程度逐步提高，人们对产量的片面追求导致养殖环境日趋恶化，病害发生率越来越高，水产品的质量不断下滑，安全问题成为人们关注的焦点。本文从水产健康养殖理念的形成与发展、涉及关键技术问题以及发展趋势等方面探讨了水产健康养殖的重要性和紧迫性，并从科研、技术、产业和政策法规等方面对水产健康养殖的实施和推广提出了一些建议和对策。

关键词：水产健康养殖理念技术

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健康中国背景下“新医科”发展战略研究

何珂,汪玲

《中国工程科学》 2019年第21卷第2期页码 98-102 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.02.007

摘要：

本文从健康中国背景下“新医科”内涵出发，重点聚焦“新医科”人才培养体系建设，从服务健康中国建设的战略新要求、满足国家转型发展的外部新需求、符合医科自身改革的内在新诉求等三方面说明发展“新医科”的必要性和紧迫性，进一步阐述发展“新医科”的“1234”基本策略，即坚持“一个中心”的“新理念”，建立“两类平衡”的“新质量”，推动“三大协同”的“新体系”，强化“四种交叉”的“新模式”，并提出通过积极争取政府部门大力支持、全面推动医科人才整体发展和加快推进学科交叉融合创新等“新医科”发展政策建议，以期为健康中国建设培养高层次医学人才队伍提供有益参考。

关键词：健康中国新医科学科交叉融合

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Trends in serum lipid levels of healthy Chinese in Shanghai from 1973 to 1999

CHEN Haozhu, ZHOU Jun, CHEN Bin, ZHUANG Hanzhong, JIN Xuejuan, HAN Qingqing

《医学前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第1期页码 5-10 doi: 10.1007/s11684-008-0002-5

摘要： We assessed the secular trends in the serum lipid levels in Shanghai residents from 1973 to 1999. Data from four independent, cross-sectional, population-based surveys were used to analyze the trends in serum lipid levels from 1973 to 1999. A standard protocol was applied across each survey in at least three independent surveys which were separated a 10-year study period. A total of 10733 (1385, 3302, 2399, and 3647 subjects who had complete data on serum lipids in 1973–1974, 1982, 1983 and 1997–1999, respectively) Shanghai residents aged from newborn to 80 years old were enlisted at random. Serum lipid levels were measured in a single laboratory throughout the entire study period. A non-significant increase was noted from 1973–1974 to 1982–1983 in the serum lipid profiles; however, a significant increase was observed from 1982–1983 to 1997–1999 in most of the age groups of both sexes. Mean serum total cholesterol (TC) levels increased significantly ( < 0.05) over the entire study period (overall period covered: 1973–1999) in most age groups of both sexes. In males, the changes were from 7.3% to 23.2% and in females, from 9.0% to 21.6%, except in umbilical blood samples and in females over 60 years where insignificant results were observed. Similar trends were observed in the mean serum triglyceride (TG) and the mean serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) levels, both in females and males. The majority show an upward trend. As for TGs, the changes were from 27.5% to 82.7% in males and from 13.2% to 54.6% in females. As for LDL-c the changes were from 34.9% to 71.0% in males and from 31.9% to 63.6% in females. Mean serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) levels were decreased significantly from 1982–1983 to 1997–1999, with the changes from -13.2% to -38.6% in males and from -9.8% to -21.7% in females. The ratio of total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TC/HDL-c) increased dramatically during this period because of a concurrent decline in the levels of HDL-c and the increase in the levels of TC. The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia (To achieve the normal range of serum TC and TG in healthy people of Shanghai, we determined the cut-off point in the cumulative frequency curve as the 95% percentile of the data collected by the survey in 1973–1974. The results show that the 95% cut-off point for TC was 220 mg/dL, while for TG, it was 160 mg/dL.) increased significantly ( < 0.05). In males aged 20 to 40 years old, the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia was from 1.6% to 7.79%, and in ages> 40 it was from 5.5% to 11.57%. In females, it was 0 to 4.68% and 6.5% to 16.2%, respectively. In general, the trends in the levels of TC, TG and LDL-c were increasing and trends in the levels of HDL-c were decreasing in most age groups, especially, in the younger age group of Shanghai residents from 1980s to 1990s. These worrying findings are significant for its public health implications. Health education and health promotion are necessary to prevent the disease prevalence from rising in the Chinese population.

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Understanding building-occupant-microbiome interactions toward healthy built environments: A review

Shuai Li, Zhiyao Yang, Da Hu, Liu Cao, Qiang He

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1357-3

摘要： Abstract • The built environment, occupants, and microbiomes constitute an integrated ecosystem. • This review summarizes research progress which has focused primarily on microbiomes. • Critical research needs include studying impacts of occupant behaviors on microbiomes. Built environments, occupants, and microbiomes constitute a system of ecosystems with extensive interactions that impact one another. Understanding the interactions between these systems is essential to develop strategies for effective management of the built environment and its inhabitants to enhance public health and well-being. Numerous studies have been conducted to characterize the microbiomes of the built environment. This review summarizes current progress in understanding the interactions between attributes of built environments and occupant behaviors that shape the structure and dynamics of indoor microbial communities. In addition, this review also discusses the challenges and future research needs in the field of microbiomes of the built environment that necessitate research beyond the basic characterization of microbiomes in order to gain an understanding of the causal mechanisms between the built environment, occupants, and microbiomes, which will provide a knowledge base for the development of transformative intervention strategies toward healthy built environments. The pressing need to control the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in indoor environments highlights the urgency and significance of understanding the complex interactions between the built environment, occupants, and microbiomes, which is the focus of this review.

关键词： Microbiome Built Environment Occupant Health